Gravity modeling in retail has been around for years. The concept takes off from Newton’s Laws of Gravity’s two basic concepts:
The greater the mass of an object (i.e., local retail concentration) the greater the location’s attractiveness or draw.
Attractiveness levels decline as the distance between a consumer and that location increases.
In cases with multiple retail location choices, consumers may be attracted to a lower-rated retail location (i.e., less gravitational pull) if it is closer to the consumer’s location. Gravity modeling can be used to define trade areas for retail locations, as it defines the point between two retail locations where the distance-adjusted retail draw is equal.
The goal is to identify the minimal number of locations that achieve maximum coverage of the desired target segment. We have seen this model applied often to X-for-1 relocation scenarios, where multiple locations (X) are consolidated into a new site that better serves those customers.